Ndiyakholelwa ukuba wonke umntu obandakanyekayo kwishishini lokukhanyisa ufundile malunga nolwazi olusisiseko lobushushu bombala: ukushisa kombala ophantsi kwenza abantu bazive bekhululekile kwaye befudumele, ubushushu bombala ophezulu bulungile kwaye bunomdla, kwinkqubo yoyilo iya kulandela le ngcamango.

Nangona kunjalo, impilo yokwenyani yendawo yokukhanya, ayipheleli nje ekukhanyeni, akukho strobe, kugxilwe kuphela kukukhanya, ubushushu bombala, ukufana akwanelanga, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ixabiso "elilinganayo lepixel emnyama" likumgca. kunye nomgangatho.

Indlela yokulinganisa eli xabiso ngaphambi kokuba siqale siqonde ingqikelelo ye "melatonin".

I-Melatonin

Kangangeebhiliyoni zeminyaka, ukukhanya kwelanga kuye kwasebenza njengomthombo wokuqala nokuphela kokukhanya okuye kwabumba isingqi se-circadian esihlala kuzo zonke iintlobo zobomi.

Isizathu sokuba abantu bathobele imveliso "yokuphuma kwelanga emsebenzini, ukutshona kwelanga ukuba baphumle", imithetho yobomi, kuba i-pineal gland yobuchopho bomntu iya kukhupha ihomoni: i-melatonin, "iipilisi zokulala zendalo", yimizimba yethu. "uphawu lokuphumla" oluzenzekelayo.“Yipilisi yokulala yendalo”, nto leyo engumqondiso wokuphumla womzimba wethu.Xa umzimba unemelatonin eninzi, siya kozela;xa umxholo we-melatonin ungaphantsi, siya kuba namandla.

Kwaye ubungakanani bemelatonin efihliweyo bunxulumene nokukhanya kokukhanya.Ngenxa yokuba kukho iiseli ezizimeleyo ze-photosensitive retinal ganglion (ipRGCs) kwi-retina yethu, enokuthi idibanise iprotheni ye-photoreceptor, i-melanopsin, eva ubunzulu bokukhanya kwaye idlulisele imiqondiso kwi-pineal gland, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela ukukhutshwa kwe-melatonin: ngakumbi ebumnyameni, ngaphantsi ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo.kwi-pineal gland, echaphazela ukukhutshwa kwe-melatonin: ngakumbi kumnyama kwaye kuncinci ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo.Yingakho kulula ukulala ebumnyameni.

Ukuthatha "ukukhanya okwenziweyo" kwasekuqaleni - ukukhanya komlilo njengomzekelo, ukushisa kombala wayo kwakumalunga ne-2000K, kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nokukhanya okukhulu okubomvu.Lo mbala uphantsi wokukhanya obushushu obushushu, wenza abantu bazive bekhululekile, banokungena ngokukhawuleza kwimeko yokulala.

Ngokusekelwe koku, sinokuphonononga amanqaku amaninzi:

a.Abantu bafuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo;

b.Ukukhanya okumhlophe kwenza abantu bavuke kwaye bavuyiswe, kwaye ukukhanya okuphuzi kwenza abantu bakhululeke kwaye bakhululeke;

c.Undoqo emva kukukhutshwa kwe "ipilisi yokulala yendalo" i-melatonin;

d.Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuvuselela "iiseli ze-melatonin photoreceptor" kwaye zinqanda ukukhutshwa kwe-melatonin.

Ezi zikwayisiseko sefiziyoloji yoMbane weNdawo yoMntu. 

Inkcazo kunye neendlela zokukhanya kwe-melatonin

Ileli ye-biological evolution ilinganiswa kumakhulu amawaka eminyaka, ngelixa imbali yempucuko yabantu ingaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-10,000.Abantu baye baqhelana nendlela yokuphila yanamhlanje ngokwemigaqo ye "software" yengqondo kunye nenkcubeko, kodwa "i-hardware" yesakhiwo se-physiological ayizange ihambisane neenguqu."Iwotshi yebhayoloji" emzimbeni wethu sisixhobo esinjalo "se-hardware" esingenako ukuhambelana notshintsho.Ukuphazamiseka kwewotshi yebhayoloji kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukulala, kodwa kukhokelela kumoya ombi, okubangela ukutyeba, isifo seswekile kunye nezinye izifo zemetabolism.

Kodwa ngoku ufuna ukunciphisa ukukhanya ebusuku akunakwenzeka, ngoko kufuneka sicinge: luhlobo luni lwenkqubo yokukhanya engayi kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwewotshi yebhayoloji?

Sasifuna ukuyila inkqubo yokukhanyisa eya kubonelela ngovuselelo olwaneleyo emini ukuze sihlale siphaphile, kunye nokukhanya kwasebusuku okuya kwanelisa iimfuno zokubonwayo ngaphandle kokucinezela ukukhutshwa kwemelatonin kakhulu ukuphazamisa umgangatho wokulala.

Ukwenza oku, iparameter yokulinganisa ubungakanani yayifuneka, ngoko izazinzulu zachaza eli xabiso elitsha lokukhanya: EML (Equivalent Melanopic Lux), Equivalent Melanopic Illuminance, eyaziwa ngokuba yiRetinotopic Equivalent Lux.ithetha umlinganiselo wefotometric esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iqondo lovuselelo lwempendulo yefoto yomthombo wokukhanya kwi-opsins emnyama.(Inkcazelo icatshulwe kwimiGangatho yoKwakha ye-WELL)

I-conventional illuminance lux (lx) isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uvakalelo lokukhanya lweeseli ze-cone, ngokobungakanani obuchaza ukukhanya okuvumela iliso lomntu ukuba libone izinto.

I-equivalent melanopic illuminance (EML), ngakolunye uhlangothi, iguqula i-spectral stimulus yomthombo wokukhanya ngokuyilinganisa ngokuphendula kwe-ipRGCs ekukhanyeni njengendlela yokuchaza ngokobungakanani iziphumo zebhayoloji zokukhanya kumntu njengendlela yokubonelela ngenkxaso. kwizingqisho ezisempilweni ze-circadian.

Ukukhanya okune-EML ephezulu kwandisa ukuphaphama, kwaye ukukhanya okune-EML esezantsi kukhuthaza ukukhuselwa kwe-melatonin yomzimba kwaye kunciphisa ukuphaphama.Ngoko ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba usebenza ekuphumeni kwelanga okanye ukuphuma emini, kufuneka ukhethe ukukhanya nge-EML ephezulu xa usebenza kwaye usebenza, kwaye utshintshe ekukhanyeni nge-EML ephantsi xa uphumla nangaphambi kokuba ulale.

Umthombo opapashiweyo kwangaphambili kunye nogunyazisiweyo ongaphezulu kwemimiselo yobungakanani kwi-EML nguMgangatho woKwakha WELL.

Umlinganiselo womgangatho wokukhanya wemelatonin olinganayo

Ngoku ukuba siyayazi indima ye-EML kunye nemimiselo echaphazelekayo, sinokulazi njani ixabiso le-EML elichanekileyo?

Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokwenza oku: ①umlinganiselo usebenzisa isixhobo sokufota; ②uguqulelo olulula lomlinganiselo;kunye③uguqulo oluchanekileyo olubonakalayo.

Ingaba umlinganiselo wemihla ngemihla, ukwamkelwa kweprojekthi, okanye abathengi abakholisayo, abaqulunqi kufuneka basebenzise izixhobo zobuchwephesha beefotometric ukuvavanya nokuthetha ngedatha.

Ukongeza kwizalathisi ezine ezibalulekileyo zokukhanya, ubushushu bombala, umahluko obonakalayo, kunye nokufana, isixhobo sefotometric songeze umlinganiselo wokukhanya olinganayo we-melatonin, ohambelana nemigangatho yokukhanya yendalo ye-WELL Healthy Building Standard ™, ene- impazamo yomlinganiselo <5%.

Indlela elula yokuguqula umlinganiselo ithetha ukulinganisa okanye ukubala okuqhelekileyo "ukukhanya okubonakalayo okuqhelekileyo" amaxabiso kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezinjengeemitha zokukhanyisa, isoftware ye-DIALux yokulinganisa, njl.I-lx kunye ne-EML yokuguqulwa komlinganiselo uyahluka kwimithombo yokukhanya eyahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo, ukuba isibane se-incandescent sikhanyisa indawo kwi-200 lx, ukukhanya kwe-melatonin kuloo ndawo yi-200 x 0.54 = 108 EML.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, kunye nemithombo yokukhanya efanayo kunye nobushushu obufanayo bemibala, amaxabiso e-EML kufuneka ahluke ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwe-spectral kuyahluka.

Ukuba umthombo othile wokukhanya awufumaneki kwiTheyibhile L1, ndiwuguqula njani?Apha kulapho indlela yesibini yokuguqula iza kudlala: uguqulo oluchanekileyo lwe-spectral.

Ubukhulu obunxulumeneyo kwi-wavelength nganye kuqala kulinganiswa kwaye emva koko kulinganiswe ngefomula echaziweyo ukubala umlinganiselo ochanekileyo we-EML.

Umzekelo, ukuba ndifuna ukusebenzisa i-BLV 4000K yokukhanyisa ikomityi kwigumbi lam lokulala, kufuneka ndiyifiphaze kangakanani ebusuku?

Ngokomgangatho wokwakhiwa kwe-WELL kumagumbi okulala: i-EML kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-50 ebusuku, ngoko ukukhanya kwigumbi kufuneka kulawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-50 ÷ 0.87 = 58 lx kwi-DIALux simulation.

Oku ngasentla "kukukhanya okulinganayo kwe-melatonin" yendalo, umthombo, umlinganiselo womxholo, ndikholelwa ukuba unokuqonda okuthile kokukhanya kwezinto zomntu, kwaye ke ingasetyenziselwa ukuyila le ngcamango.