Ndikhumbula ndisengumntwana, ngorhatya lwasehlotyeni ezilalini, kwakuntyiloza iicicadas namasele.Ndithe xa ndiphakamisa intloko, ndangqubeka kwiinkwenkwezi eziqaqambileyo.Inkwenkwezi nganye ikhupha ukukhanya, kumnyama okanye kuqaqambileyo, nganye inomtsalane wayo.I-Milky Way enemisinga enemibala intle kwaye ivuselela ukucinga.

Xa ndakhula, ndaza ndajonga phezulu esibhakabhakeni esixekweni, ndandisoloko ndisithwe yimisitha yomsi ndaza ndafumanisa ukuba andinakubona iinkwenkwezi ezimbalwa.Ngaba zonke iinkwenkwezi zinyamalele?

Iinkwenkwezi bezikho kangangamakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka, yaye ukukhanya kwazo kuye kwasithwa kukukhula kwezixeko ngenxa yongcoliso lokukhanya.

Ingxaki yokungaziboni iinkwenkwezi

Kwiminyaka engama-4,300 eyadlulayo, abantu baseTshayina bakudala babesele bekwazi ukujonga imifanekiso kunye nexesha.Babekwazi ukubona isibhakabhaka ngeso lenyama, ngaloo ndlela bemisela amagama angama-24 elanga.

Kodwa njengoko ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kuthabath’ unyawo, abantu abaninzi ngakumbi abahlala ezixekweni bafumanisa ukuba iinkwenkwezi zibonakala “ziwile” yaye ukukhanya kobusuku kuncipha.

Ingxaki yongcoliseko lokukhanya yabekwa phambili luluntu lweenkwenkwezi zamazwe ngamazwe kwi-1930, kuba ukukhanya kwedolophu yangaphandle kwenza isibhakabhaka sikhanye, esinempembelelo embi kakhulu ekubonweni kweenkwenkwezi, eyaziwa nangokuthi "ingxolo kunye nokungcola kokukhanya", "umonakalo wokukhanya" kunye "Ukuphazamiseka kokukhanya", njl njl., yenye yezona ndlela zixhaphake kakhulu zongcoliseko kwihlabathi, ekulula ukungahoywa.

Ngo-2013, ukwanda kokuqaqamba kwezibane zesixeko saseTshayina kwaba yeyona ngxaki inkulu yokhuseleko lwendalo esingqongileyo.

Abaphandi abavela eItali, eJamani, eUnited States nase-Israel ngoku baye bavelisa i-atlas echanekileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwimiphumo yongcoliseko lokukhanya kwiplanethi apho abantu abangaphezu kwama-80 ekhulwini bavezwa ukukhanya okwenziwayo naluphi na uhlobo, kwaye apho phantse i-80 ekhulwini abantu baseYurophu naseUnited States abanakuyibona iMilky Way.

Isinye kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi asinakukwazi ukubona iinkwenkwezi eziqaqambileyo esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ngenxa yongcoliso lokukhanya, ngokutsho kohlolisiso olupapashwe kwiScience Advances.

Ingxelo yohlolisiso lwaseMerika ibonisa ukuba malunga nesi-2/3 sabantu behlabathi siphila kungcoliso lokukhanya.Ngaphezu koko, ungcoliseko olubangelwa kukukhanya okungeyonyani luyanda unyaka nonyaka, ngokunyuka konyaka nge-6% eJamani, i-10% eItali kunye ne-12% eJapan.

Ukuhlelwa kongcoliseko lokukhanya

Imiboniso yasebusuku enemibalabala iqaqambisa ubukhazikhazi bempumelelo yasezidolophini, kwaye ifihlwe kweli hlabathi liqaqambileyo kungcoliseko lokukhanya oluchuliweyo.

Ungcoliseko lokukhanya yingcamango enxulumeneyo.Oku akuthethi ukuba ukufikelela kwixabiso elipheleleyo kungcoliseko lokukhanya.Kwimveliso yemihla ngemihla kunye nobomi, umlinganiselo othile wokukhanya uyafuneka ukuba ungene emehlweni, kodwa ngaphaya koluhlu oluthile, ukukhanya okugqithisileyo kusenza sizive singaboni kakuhle, kwaye sibangele ukusabela okungahambi kakuhle komzimba, okubizwa ngokuba "kungcoliseko lokukhanya".

Ukubonakaliswa kongcoliseko lokukhanya kwahlukile ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, oko kukuthi ilitha, ukukhanya kokuphazamiseka kunye nokukhanya kokuphuma kwesibhakabhaka.

Ukukhazimla kubangelwa ikakhulu kukukhanya kwelanga okubonakaliswa kwiglasi yeglasi emini, nasebusuku, ngokukhanyisa izibane eziphazamisana nemisebenzi ebonakalayo.Ukukhanya kokuphazamiseka kukukhanya okuvela esibhakabhakeni okufikelela kumphezulu wefestile wegumbi lokuhlala.Kwaye ukukhanya okuvela kumthombo wokwenziwa, ukuba kuya esibhakabhakeni, sikubiza ngokuba yi-astigmatism yesibhakabhaka.

Kumazwe ngamazwe, ungcoliseko lokukhanya lwahlulwe lwaziindidi ezintathu, ezizezi, ukungcoliseka kokukhanya okumhlophe, imini eyenziweyo, ukungcoliseka kokukhanya kombala.

Ungcoliseko olumhlophe ikakhulu lubhekiselele kwinto yokuba xa ilanga likhanya ngamandla, udonga lomkhusane weglasi, udonga lwezitena ezikhazimlayo, ilitye lenyengane elikhazimlisiweyo kunye neengubo ezahlukeneyo zokwaleka kunye neminye imihombiso yezakhiwo ezisesixekweni ibonakalisa ukukhanya, nto leyo eyenza izakhiwo zibe mhlophe kwaye zibengezele.

Usuku lokwenziwa, lubhekiselele kudederhu lweevenkile, iihotele emva kokuwa kwezibane zentengiso yasebusuku, izibane ze-neon ezikhazimlayo, ezikhazimlayo, ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo okuthe nkqo esibhakabhakeni, kwenza ubusuku bube yimini, oko kukuthi, usuku olubizwa ngokuba yimini yokwenziwa.

Ungcoliseko lokukhanya kombala ikakhulu lubhekisa kwisibane esimnyama, isibane esijikelezayo, isibane sefluorescent kunye nomthombo wokukhanya odanyazayo ofakwe kwiindawo zolonwabo ubandakanya ungcoliseko lokukhanya kombala.

*Ngaba ungcoliseko lokukhanya lubhekisa kwimpilo yabantu?

Ungcoliseko lokukhanya ikakhulu lubhekisa kwinto yokuba imitha yamehlo egqithisileyo ibangela iziphumo ezibi kubomi babantu kunye nendalo esingqongileyo yemveliso, eyeyongcoliseko lokukhanya.Ungcoliseko lokukhanya luxhaphake kakhulu.Bukho kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bomntu yaye buchaphazela ubomi babantu ngokungenakubonwa.Nangona ungcoliseko olukhanyayo lujikeleze abantu, abantu abaninzi abakabuqondi ubunzima bongcoliseko lokukhanya kunye nefuthe longcoliseko lokukhanya kwimpilo yabantu ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

* Ukonakala kwamehlo

Ngophuhliso lokwakhiwa kwedolophu kunye nenkqubela phambili yesayensi kunye neteknoloji, abantu baphantse bazibeke "kukukhanya okunamandla kunye nombala obuthathaka" "imeko ebonakalayo ebonakalayo".

Xa kuthelekiswa nokukhanya okubonakalayo, ungcoliseko lwe-infrared alunakubonwa ngeso lenyama, lubonakala ngendlela yemitha ye-thermal, kulula ukubangela ukulimala okuphezulu kweqondo lokushisa.Imitha ye-infrared ene-wavelength ye-7500-13000 angstroms inokudluliselwa okuphezulu kwi-cornea, enokutshisa i-retina kwaye ibangele i-cataract.Njengohlobo lwamaza ombane, imitha yeultraviolet iphuma kakhulu elangeni.Ukubonakaliswa kwexesha elide kwimitha ye-ultraviolet kuya kubangela lula imibimbi, ukutshiswa lilanga, ukukrala kwamehlo, umhlaza wolusu, umonakalo obonakalayo kunye nokuncipha komzimba.

*Iphazamisa ukulala

Nangona abantu belala bevale amehlo, ukukhanya kusenokudlula kwiinkophe zabo kuze kuphazamise ubuthongo.Ngokwezibalo zakhe zeklinikhi, malunga ne-5% -6% yokungalali kubangelwa ingxolo, ukukhanya kunye nezinye izinto zokusingqongileyo, apho ukukhanya kubalwa malunga ne-10%.“Xa kukho ukuphuthelwa, umzimba awuphumli ngokwaneleyo, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo ezinzulu.”

• Ukukhuthaza umhlaza

Uphononongo lunxulumanise umsebenzi weshifti yasebusuku ukuya kumazinga anyukileyo omhlaza webele kunye nowedlala lobudoda.

Ingxelo yowama-2008 kwiphephancwadi i-International Chronobiology iyakungqina oku.Izazinzulu ziphonononge uluntu lwe-147 kwaSirayeli kwaye zafumanisa ukuba abasetyhini abanamazinga aphezulu ongcoliseko lokukhanya basengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wamabele.Isizathu sinokuthi ukukhanya okungekho ngokwemvelo kuthintela isistim somzimba somzimba womntu, sichaphazela ukuveliswa kwamahomoni, ukulinganisela kwe-endocrine kutshatyalaliswa kwaye kukhokelela kumhlaza.

* Ukuvelisa iimvakalelo ezimbi

Uphononongo kwiimodeli zezilwanyana lubonise ukuba xa ukukhanya kungenakuthintelwa, kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kwisimo sengqondo kunye nokukhathazeka.Ukuba abantu ixesha elide phantsi kwe-irradiation yezibane ezinemibala, umphumo wayo wokuqokelela kwengqondo, uya kubangela ukukhathala kunye nobuthathaka, isiyezi, i-neurasthenia kunye nezinye izifo zomzimba kunye nengqondo ukuya ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo.

* Ukuthintela njani ukungcoliseka kokukhanya?

Ukuthintela kunye nokulawulwa kokungcola kokukhanya yiprojekthi yenkqubo yentlalo, efuna inxaxheba epheleleyo kunye nemigudu edibeneyo karhulumente, abavelisi kunye nabantu ngabanye.

Ukusuka kwimbono yocwangciso lwedolophu, imimiselo yokukhanyisa sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokubeka imida efanelekileyo kungcoliseko lokukhanya.Ekubeni impembelelo yokukhanya okwenziweyo kwizinto eziphilayo ixhomekeke kubukhulu bokukhanya, i-spectrum, isalathiso sokukhanya (njengokukhanya ngokuthe ngqo komthombo wokukhanya kunye nokusabalalisa ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka), izinto ezahlukeneyo zokukhanyisa kufuneka zilawulwe ekulungiseleleni ukucwangciswa kokukhanyisa. , kubandakanywa nokukhethwa komthombo wokukhanya, izibane kunye neendlela zokukhanyisa.

Bambalwa abantu kwilizwe lethu abaqondayo ingozi yongcoliseko lokukhanya, ngoko ke akukho mgangatho umanyeneyo kule nkalo.Kuyimfuneko ukuseta imigangatho yobugcisa bokukhanya kwe-landscape ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nosukelo lwabantu bale mihla lokukhanya okukumgangatho ophezulu, sixhasa “ukukhanya okunempilo nokukhanya okukrelekrele”, siphucula ngokupheleleyo imeko-bume yokukhanyisa, kwaye sinikezele ngamava enkonzo yokukhanyisa eluntwini.

Yintoni “UkuKhanya okunempilo”?Oko kukuthi, umthombo wokukhanya okufutshane nokukhanya kwendalo.Ukukhanya kukhululekile kwaye kungokwemvelo, kwaye kuqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo ubushushu bombala, ukukhanya, ukuvumelana phakathi kokukhanya nesithunzi, ukuthintela ukulimala kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (R12), ukwandisa amandla okukhanya okubomvu (R9), ukudala impilo enempilo, ekhuselekileyo kwaye ekhululekile. indawo yokukhanyisa, ukuhlangabezana neemvakalelo zabantu ngokwasengqondweni, ukukhuthaza impilo yomzimba nengqondo.

Xa abantu benandipha ukuchuma kwesi sixeko, kuba nzima ukusaba ungcoliso lokukhanya olukhoyo kuyo yonke indawo.Abantu kufuneka baqonde ngokuchanekileyo ingozi yongcoliseko lokukhanya.Akufunekanga banikele ingqalelo kuphela kwindawo abahlala kuyo, kodwa baphinde bakuphephe ukuvezwa ixesha elide kungcoliseko lokukhanya okusingqongileyo.Uthintelo kunye nolawulo longcoliseko lokukhanya lukwafuna iinzame ezidibeneyo zomntu wonke, ngokwenene ukusuka kumthombo ukuthintela ungcoliseko lokukhanya.